What's going on with information literacy these days?

About this endeavor

A lot of us have a lot of questions about the current information literacy landscape and its impact on library work. In October 2025, at a gathering of library workers within the Northern NY Library Network, those curiosities coalesced into an inquiry, primarily around generative AI: In a landscape that includes AI, social media, misinformation, paywalls, and values-driven media, how do we encourage people to trust us and use our evolving expertise and capacity to build the critical reasoning skills of our audiences?

The practical question became: What can we learn about AI and its intersections with our library work?

The group that convened around this inquiry included workers from academic libraries, public libraries, and library systems. We discovered this was not a simple question to answer.

We ALSO discovered many resources along the way, which we hope will be of use to others.

A disclaimer: Due to the topic of this question and the rapid evolution of AI, many of the resources gathered here may grow dated quickly. These were compiled in the first half of 2026.

What is generative AI, in simple terms?

Generative AI uses data and predictions to generate stories, graphics, music, code, apps, and more.

ChatGPT is one of these AI models trained on billions of pages of text.

Looking at all words at once, these AI programs learn which words relate to each other. It is pattern matching on a massive scale. That’s it – guessing what word comes next until there is a full response to your query or request.

Generative AI is changing how we learn, if we think, and how we do business.

Where can I learn more about AI and its uses, especially in libraries?

 

These courses are just a few of the many available ways to become more familiar with how Generative AI works and how these tools can be used (or not!) in libraries. Some of the courses are geared toward academic libraries but generally approach the subject in a way that could be helpful to those working in any type of library or museum.

Research Data Management Librarian Academy (RDMLA): AI for Librarians

RDMLA: AI for Librarians is an extension of RDMLA (Research Data Management Librarian Academy), designed to help librarians build practical AI skills for the modern library. As AI rapidly transforms data and information science, this course provides a hands-on introduction to AI applications in library settings, with a strong focus on ethical and responsible use. Through real-world scenarios, participants will explore how AI can enhance library workflows and user services, equipping librarians to confidently integrate AI into their work. A badge is available upon completion.

AI for Academic Libraries

AI for Academic Libraries is a structured learning path from AI literacy to building your own tools – mapped to ACRL AI Competencies (2025) and grounded in the 4D Framework from Anthropic’s AI Fluency course.  Includes very basic information about AI tools up to vibe coding, workflow automation, agentic AI, and systems integration.  Geared to academic librarians but some paths would be applicable to all.

AI Literacy for Librarians and Educators

AI Literacy for Librarians and Educators – This is a paid course (currently ~$20) developed by Nicole Hennig and available through Udemy.  The asynchronous class is geared to library staff in general and provides opportunities for hands-on work with various different models and tools.

AI Literacy Essentials for Academic Libraries

AI literacy essentials for academic libraries is an AI Microcourse from Clarivate and LibTech Insights. Choice and Clarivate have teamed up to develop an eight-week newsletter-based course on generative AI literacy for academic library workers.

AI Pedagogy Project

AI Pedagogy Project – This interactive resource is designed to help you explore large language models (LLMs) and understand how they work, especially in educational settings. Whether you’re new to GenAI or looking to deepen your understanding, this guide offers a space to learn, experiment, and reflect.

Tool-specific Trainings

Most of the major GenAI companies (Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, etc.) have basic training or certification for their own products if you have a preference for a particular tool.

AI Literacy: Usage and Teaching Strategies

AI Literacy: Usage and Teaching Strategies is an eLearning course through EBSCO. The full course takes 2 hours 37 minutes total to complete.

Common Sense Media: AI Literacy Lessons for Grades 6-12

Common Sense Media’s AI Literacy Lessons for Grades 6-12 has created and published 9 short lessons about AI.

Common Sense Media: AI Basics for K-12 Teachers

Common Sense Media’s AI Basics for K-12 Teachers aim to help teachers understand the basics of generative AI and its impact on education.

Crash Course: Artificial Intelligence

Crash Course: Artificial Intelligence features 20 AI crash courses on topics ranging from natural language processing to the future of AI.

Massachusetts Library System: AI Hour Community Chat

Massachusetts Library Systems hosts a monthly AI Hour Community Chat, which features:

  • ChatGPT and Generative AI Community Chat led by Jane Stimpson
  • 3 parts: discussion of AI news, demo of an AI tool or use case, and an informal discussion
  • Once a month on a Friday from 2-3pm ET

Who has collected resources on AI already?

 

These LibGuides, primarily curated by academic libraries across the US but relevant to many types of institutions, document resources about and explore various aspects of AI literacy. Open each menu item for an overview of the information contained in the LibGuide.

Bluffton University: AI Resources and Information: AI Literacy

AI Resources and Information: AI Literacy

  • AI Literacy
  • Framework for AI Literacy- Educause
  • Leveraging AI Tools Responsibly: Strategies for University Students
  • Student Guide to AI Literacy- MLA Style Center
  • Are Your Students Ready for AI? PAIR Framework
  • Building an AI Literacy Framework: Perspectives from Instruction Librarians and Current Information Literacy Tools
  • Student Guide to Artificial Intelligence
Bowling Green State University: Artificial Intelligence Literacy

Artificial Intelligence Literacy

  • Welcome to the AI Literacy Resource Guide
  • Glossary of Terms
Eastern Florida State College: Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom: AI in Academic Libraries

Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom: AI in Academic Libraries

  • Articles about AI and Libraries
  • Artificial Intelligence & Libraries Bibliography
  • AI In the Library- Decision Time!
  • Artificial Intelligence in Academic Libraries- What, How, Why
Georgia Southern University: AI Literacy: A Toolkit for Educators and Students

AI Literacy: A Toolkit for Educators and Students

  • Welcome
    • Welcome to the AI Literacy Toolkit
  • Getting Started with AI Tools
    • Common AI Chatbots
    • Study, Research, and Learning AIs
    • AI Image Generators
  • AI & Privacy: You, Your Data, & Others
    • Introduction: AI & Data Privacy
    • AI & Data Privacy: Government Sources
    • AI & Data Privacy: Peer-Reviewed Sources
    • AI & Data Privacy: Popular Sources
    • AI & Data Privacy: Terms of Use/Terms and Conditions
  • AI and the Environment
    • Introduction: AI & The Environment
    • Big Tech & The Environment
    • Cons: AI & The Environment
    • Pros: AI & The Environment
  • Active Learning Activities
    • Engineering AI Prompts to Develop Keywords
    • AI & Personal Information Commodification
    • Checking for AI Misinformation
    • Humans v. AI: Citation Showdown
    • The ZODIAC Test
Kennesaw State University: AI for Discovery and Review of the Literature: AI Literacy

AI for Discovery and Review of the Literature: AI Literacy

  • Examples of AI Literacy frameworks and standards
  • AI Literacy Resources
Salt Lake Community Colleges: AI, ChatGPT, and the Library: Generative AI and Information Literacy

AI, ChatGPT, and the Library: Generative AI and Information Literacy

  • Introduction
  • Generative AI and Information
  • Checking Generative AI Output for Credibility
  • Have Questions?
Texas State University: AI Literacy and Information Literacy: Introduction

AI Literacy and Information Literacy: Introduction

  • About this Guide
  • Research Libraries Guiding Principles for Artificial Intelligence
  • Crash Course in AI
  • Related Resources
University of Calgary: Artificial Intelligence: AI Literacy

Artificial Intelligence: AI Literacy

  • Being AI Literate
  • AI Literacy in Higher Education
  • What Generative AI Can and Cannot Do in Academia
  • Considerations when Using AI Tools
  • The CLEAR Framework
  • Terms Related to Artificial Intelligence
  • Indigenous Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence
University of South Florida: AI Tools and Resources: AI Literacy

AI Tools and Resources: AI Literacy

  • What is AI Literacy?
  • AI Literacy as Four Capabilities
  • Related Literacies That Support AI Literacy
  • References and Further Reading
University of Southern California: AI and Teaching and Learning: AI Literacy

AI and Teaching and Learning: AI Literacy

  • Introduction
  • AI Literacy Frameworks: Key Components
University of Toledo: Artificial Intelligence: AI In Librarianship

Artificial Intelligence: AI In Librarianship

  • About Artificial Intelligence
  • Guidelines and Framework
  • Teaching, Learning and Research
  • Videos and Webinars
Virginia State University: Artificial Intelligence & Information Literacy: AI in Libraries
Southern Tier Library System: Information Literacy for Library Staff: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Information Literacy for Library Staff: Artificial Intelligence (AI) 

  • From a public library system with good introductory information

Where can I read more about AI literacy?

 

Explore this collection of articles, both popular and academic, about AI literacy and its implications for library workers, students, and instruction.

Articles about AI Literacy:

Building an AI Literacy Framework: Perspectives from Instruction Librarians and Current Information Literacy Tools

  • Whitepaper that includes definitions of AI Literacy, findings from interviews with librarians and how they taught AI content, and a proposed AI framework

Evolving Librarianship: Teaching AI Literacy for a More Responsible Future

  • EBSCO article introducing their AI Literacy short course

A Tech Librarian Explains How to Build AI Literacy

  • A short interview with a librarian with expertise in user experience and emerging technologies, about AI and ChatGPT specifically addressing how it fits into librarianship and concerns from the field

AI Literacy: A Guide for Academic Libraries

  • ACRL article outlining AI Literacy and the need for it in libraries

Student Guide to AI Literacy

  • Outlines what skills/understandings necessitate a literate user of GenAI

Tips and Trends: AI Developments and Resources for Academic Librarians

  • Provides resources about AI and Libraries/Higher Education, along with a list of tools and websites

 

Academic Articles:

AI Literacy Guidelines and Policies for Academic Libraries: A Scoping Review 2025

  • Review synthesizes the literature which explores the use of AI Literacy to educate academic librarians and library users
  • Academic librarians promote AI Literacy through workshops, sessions, user education, and LIbGuides, but the review also highlights the need for these professionals to become more AI literate themselves

AI Literacy in Academic Library Instruction: An Environmental Scan 2024

  • This study looks at the approaches and attitudes of academic librarians on AI literacy
  • The reason for the study was to measure how AI literacy is being integrated into library instruction in academic libraries in the US
  • A survey was created to collect quantitative and qualitative information about academic librarians roles, background, and experience in AI literacy instruction

Evaluating AI Literacy in Academic Libraries: A Survey Study with a Focus on U.S. Employees 2024

  • Survey that investigates AI literacy among academic library employees
  • Findings reveal things like understanding of AI concepts, experience with AI tools, and gaps in discussion around ethics and AI, and respondents voiced a need for comprehensive training and ethical guidelines
  • Study proposes a framework defining core components of AI literacy specifically for libraries 

Promoting AI Literacy through U.S. Academic Libraries: An Analysis of LibGuides from ARL and Oberlin Group Libraries Using the EDUCAUSE AI Literacy Framework 2025

  • Study examines 70 newly developed generative AI LiGuides from Academic libraries using content analysis guided by the EDUCAUSE AI Literacy framework
  • Proposes a more comprehensive version tailored to higher ed needs through reorganization and enhancement, offering a nuanced approach to AI Literacy that reflects challenges and opportunities academic libraries uniquely face
  • Findings highlight the need for further research into librarians’ competencies and the future training required to meet growing demands of AI Literacy education

How is AI being used in academic research?

 

Generative AI has had an undeniable impact on higher education, contributing to faculty and student concerns about potentially detrimental impacts on cognition, widespread academic dishonesty, and possible devaluing of degrees. There is no federal regulation or adoption of guidelines for institutions to help guide the use of generative AI by faculty or students, leaving individuals to navigate these technologies independently or at the school level. The studies highlighted below reflect common use of AI tools by students and faculty internationally, with a focus on US demographics and indicate what changes are necessary at the institutional level to ensure higher education remains valuable and students are prepared for a rapidly changing professional landscape

How Teens Use and View AI - Pew Research
  • Full report: How Teens Use and View AI
  • Surveyed 1,458 U.S. teens and their parents online between 9/25/25 – 10/9 2025
  • 57% of respondents have used AI chatbots to search for information
  • 54% to get help with schoolwork
  • More teens think AI will be positive for them than negative
  • 80% of parents think using AI chatbots to search for information is acceptable
Student Generative AI Survey 2026 - Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) report from the UK
  • Full report: Student Generative AI Survey 2026
  • 95% of student use gen AI in some way, 94% to help with assessed work
  • 49% believe AI has improved their student experience (saving time, improving understanding, providing instant support)
  • Generating text is the most common use of AI by respondents
  • May not reflect the usage trends of US students
AI in Higher Education: A Meta Summary of Recent Surveys of Students and Faculty - Campbell Academic Technology Services
  • Report: AI in Higher Education: A Meta Summary of Recent Surveys of Students and Faculty
  • Summarizes the results of surveys conducted in 2024 and 2025
  • Global survey by the Digital Education Council found that 86% of students use AI in their studies
  • Chegg survey across 15 countries found 80% of students worldwide have used generative AI tools in their studies 
    • 53% of respondents who had used AI expressed concern about receiving incorrect or inaccurate information
  • Faculty use lags behind student use
    • Faculty in the US and Canada have a more negative view of AI
    • 65% of faculty worldwide see AI as an opportunity, only 57% in US and Canada
Student AI Use on the Rise: Why Universities Must Lead with Ethical Support - Higher Ed Today
  • Full report: Student Generative AI Survey 2026
  • 95% of student use gen AI in some way, 94% to help with assessed work
  • 49% believe AI has improved their student experience (saving time, improving understanding, providing instant support)
  • Generating text is the most common use of AI by respondents
  • May not reflect the usage trends of US students
The AI Challenge: Faculty Concerns About Generative AI in Higher Education - USC Today report on AAC&U survey results
  • Report: The AI Challenge: Faculty Concerns About Generative AI in Higher Education
  • 49% of 1,057 U.S faculty respondents believe the impact of generative AI tools will be more negative than positive in regards to their students’ future careers
  • The report covers how faculty view not only the current AI landscape and its affect on their discipline, but also how academic institutions are preparing instructors and students to use AI, addressing AI literacy, and impacting the integrity of the degrees offered
Report on Student Attitudes Towards AI in Academia - AAC&U survey with Elon University
  • Report: Report on Student Attitudes Towards AI in Academia
  • 2024 University of Illinois Chicago report from a survey of undergraduate and graduate students
  • Key findings indicate that clear guidelines on acceptable use and academic dishonesty related to AI is necessary, AI literacy should be a focus, communication with faculty needs to be improved, and to ensure that AI does not replace genuine learning
New College Board Research: Faculty Express Near-Universal Concern That Student AI Use Undermines Original Writing and Critical Thinking - Newsroom
How AI Is Changing–Not ‘Killing’–College - Inside Higher Ed
  • Report: How AI Is Changing–Not ‘Killing’–College
  • 1,047 students from 166 institutions were surveyed
  • 85% of students have used generative AI in coursework in the last year
  • Students indicate that their use focuses on supplementing their learning rather than fully generating reports, but they are concerned about impacts to their critical thinking
  • Opinions on faculty use of AI tools in preparing instructional material is fairly evenly split with 43% feeling somewhat to very positively and 39% feeling somewhat to very negatively about it
  • Students are aware that AI is impacting the job market and are interested in learning how to use tools ethically in professional settings
AI is changing how students learn – or avoid learning - USC Today
  • This article discusses the results of the summer 2025 USC study 
  • After the results of all three studies were reviewed, the key recommendations were (7):
    • Encourage instrumental use to improve learning rather than avoid it
    • Design AI tools with scaffolds like AI for Brainstorming and Editing (ABE) that help students engage with their ideas and refine their reasoning
    • Support teaching with training on different tools and ethical guidance
    • Address equity in AI access and use to address how students access tools and the impacts these use disparities can exacerbate
AI in Action: How Students Are Normalizing AI in the Classroom - Copyleaks
  • 2025 AI in Education Trends Report blog
  • Full report: AI in Action: How Students Have Fully Normalized AI in the Classroom
  • Approximately 1,100 respondents in the US enrolled in two- and four-year college as undergraduates or graduates
  • AI usage is already clearly defined in student populations, especially as students start their work
  • Suggests the need for updated teaching and assignment formats rather than restrictions on usage

How historically did libraries adjust to new tools or major changes in technology?

What historical precedents exist for the changes we currently are witnessing, and what might be learned about libraries’ adaptations from those? Click on the menu items below for resources exploring this question and select quotations from those resources.

The 1990s: The Formative Years of Digital Libraries (Arms, 2012)
  • Full article: The 1990s: The Formative Years of Digital Libraries  (Arms, 2012)
  • Prior to computing, “libraries were pioneers in using technology such as typewriters and microfilm”
  • Libraries started using computers in the 1960s with specialized software (MARC format and Z39.50)
  • “Most computer scientists and librarians considered that the web was a toy, useful in the short term, but destined to be replaced by something much better” (4)
  • Internet searching relied on the idea that not all documents available online are of the same importance, whereas information retrieval specialists previously assumed all documents were of the same level of importance (7)
    • Natural language processing and machine learning integrated into internet searches from artificial intelligence
  • Dublin Core metadata initiative may be another example of tech change for libraries
  • While “almost every development in digital libraries has been met with resistance,” libraries themselves “have succeeded in embracing much of the potential of online information, often in ways that were not predicted” (12)
Information technology and libraries at 50: The 1990s in review (Bowers, 2018)
  • Full article: Information technology and libraries at 50: The 1990s in review (Bowers, 2018)
  • Librarians were involved in including “consideration of copyright and intellectual property, security, authorization, and a need for information literacy in the form of user navigation” in discussions of digital catalogs (9)
  • One researcher “noted the need for librarians to become experts in non-library technology, to keep pace with developments outside of the profession” (10)
  • “By the end of the 1990s we were seeing usability studies for specific populations and those with accessibility difficulties” (10)
  • In embracing digital and electronic resources, librarians “expanded the conversation to include data in all forms, and data sets of various kinds, well beyond traditional library materials” (10)
    • “information seekers were already beginning to bypass libraries and look for such information from other sources” (11)
  • Describes librarians as early adopters and embracers of technological change
  • In 1991, “the time the future existence of libraries was questioned by many” (12)
  • “By the end of the 1990s, libraries had been greatly transformed by technology. Many libraries had automated, workflows continued to adjust in all areas of library work, and most libraries had at least partially incorporated elements of using the Internet along with providing computer access to library users.”
21st century libraries: Changing from the group up (Pierce, 2021)
  • Full article: 21st century libraries: Changing from the group up (Pierce, 2021)
  • libraries have morphed into full-service community centers that aim to meet a wide variety of civic and social needs”
    • Implementation of makerspaces and rentable equipment to meet community needs
  • Need for continuous evolution to meet changing needs
Librarians in the age of the internet: Their attitudes and roles (Grazia Melchionda, 2007)
  • Full article: Librarians in the age of the internet: Their attitudes and roles (Grazia Melchionda, 2007)
  • “‘Academic librarians were the first to jump on the Internet bandwagon, since the backbones originated in research universities’” (124)
  • Some traditionalists who “almost despised the huge presence of internet-related technologies” due to “its chaos, its lack of structure and of knowledge organization” (125)
  • Major difficulties with transitioning to internet categorized as:
    • Fear of change – unable or unwilling to adjust to new technologies
    • Sense of menace – prior to internet, librarians felt like gatekeepers, whereas information was more openly available
    • Unsure scenarios – changes to the field could not be accurately predicted
    • Technostress – new expectations of competency
    • Lack of standardization – in metadata, preservation and future access, and standards of authority
    • Lack of quality – given the vast variety of pages; librarians not trained to use the internet properly
    • Competition of search engines and commercial tools – many different tools for finding resources, resulting in lower physical attendance/use of library facility
  • Points of success:
    • New paradigm – librarians are key to making sense of internet resources and enabling users to create their own spaces online
    • Revolution – far-reaching changes, especially for daily job responsibilities for librarians
      • “Dramatic changes in scholarly communication” (129)
    • Great opportunity – improving librarians’ roles within the information society and institutions by expanding their role in information transmission 
    • Challenge for the profession – more opportunities for providing information and address inequity in information access

About the team

This survey was developed as a collaborative inquiry project convened through the Northern New York Library Network. The collaborative inquiry team brings together a group of diverse workers from Clarkson University, St. Lawrence University, Northern NY Library Network, Oswego Public Library, and Lowville Public Library.

Contribute to the resource

The compilers of this information consider this a collaborative resource and welcome the addition of articles, LibGuides, trainings, courses, or other materials related to AI literacy. Email amy@nnyln.org to suggest an addition.